The CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS is not merely the geographic center of the city; it is the vibrant heart of Andean culture and Peruvian history. Known as the ‘Navel of the World‘ during the Inca Empire, this ceremonial square has witnessed centuries of transformation, from Inca rituals to the crucial events of the Conquest.
If you are planning to visit Cusco, this complete guide will provide you with all the history, architectural details, and practical advice to make the most of your time in the Plaza de Armas del Cusco.
The Plaza de Armas del Cusco: The Navel of the World Through Time
History of the Cusco Plaza de Armas
The space we know today as the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS was, during the time of the Tahuantinsuyo, a vast swamp that was drained and transformed by Inca Sinchi Roca to become the epicenter of his empire.
Pre-Inca and the Incanato Period: The square was originally divided into two sectors: the Huacaypata (place of weeping or place of meeting) and the Kusipata (place of rejoicing). It was the stage for grand ceremonies, festivals, and military parades, the most important being the Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun).
Origin of the name and controversies: After the arrival of the Spanish in 1533, the name “Plaza de Armas” (Parade Ground/Main Square) was adopted in Peru, as the main squares often served as a rallying point and military defense center.
The Conquest and the Colonial Period: It was here that the Conquest was proclaimed. The square later became a place of execution, the most famous being that of Túpac Amaru II in 1781. The Spanish demolished Inca palaces to construct the temples and colonial mansions we see today.
The Cusco Plaza de Armas Today
Today, the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS is a meeting point, surrounded by restaurants, jewelry stores, and travel agencies. It remains the focal point for celebrations, such as the Inti Raymi (although the main staging takes place in Sacsayhuamán, the festivities in the square are intense) and the Corpus Christi procession.
Your Visitor Guide: Where is the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS and What Does It Offer?
The CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS is located in the historical center of Cusco, in the department of the same name, at 3,399 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level.
How to Get to the Cusco Plaza de Armas?
From Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ): The square is about a 15-20 minute taxi ride. The cost is affordable, and it is the fastest way to arrive.
From your hotel: If you are staying in the Historical Center, you will likely arrive on foot. Cusco is a highly walkable city in its colonial core.
Best Time to Visit the Cusco Plaza de Armas
Dry Season (April to October): Considered the best time. The days are sunny, and rainfall is minimal. Ideal for strolling and enjoying the views without rain. However, it is also the peak tourist season.
Rainy Season (November to March): Skies can be cloudy, and rainfall is frequent (especially in January and February). The advantage is that the vegetation is greener, and there are fewer tourists.
A panoramic view of the bustling Plaza de Armas in Cusco, Peru, featuring its historic cathedral, central park, and vibrant city life.
Unmissable Architecture and Monuments in the plaza de armas cusco
The architecture of the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS is a fascinating dialogue between Inca sobriety and Spanish Baroque splendor.
The Cusco Cathedral: A Masterpiece of Colonial Architecture
Built on the foundation of the ancient Inca temple Sunturhuasi, the Basilica Cathedral of Cusco (official name) is a testament to cultural fusion.
Construction Details: The construction took nearly a hundred years, concluding in 1654. Its style is predominantly Gothic-Renaissance.
Art and Collections Housed: Inside, it holds the largest collection of colonial art in the city, including Marcos Zapata’s famous painting of “The Last Supper,” where Jesus and his apostles are shown preparing to eat a cuy (guinea pig).
The Church of the Society of Jesus: Rivalry and Baroque Splendor
Located on the south side of the square, this church was built by the Jesuit order and boasts one of the most beautiful and complex façades of the Andean Baroque style.
Rivalry and Splendor: The Jesuits attempted to surpass the Cathedral in majesty, which led to a controversy that required the Pope’s intervention to limit the church’s height. Its andesite stone façade is considered an architectural jewel.
The Historic Arcades (Portales)
The arcades surrounding the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS house restaurants, cafes, and shops. Their stone arches and carved colonial wooden balconies are characteristic of 17th-century architecture and are the ideal place to take photos and rest.
Minor Monuments and Their Significance
The Church of the Triumph (Iglesia del Triunfo): The first Christian church built in Cusco. It is located next to the Cathedral.
The Church of the Holy Family (Iglesia de la Sagrada Familia): Part of the Cathedral complex.
The Central Fountain and the Inca Monument: The fountain is a popular landmark. The statue, generally interpreted as Pachacútec, has been a source of historical debate regarding the accuracy of the representation.
Experiences in the Plaza de Armas: What to Do and Explore
Explore the Museums and Art Galleries Around the Plaza de Armas: The square is a perfect starting point. A few steps away, you can find the Inka Museum, the Pre-Columbian Art Museum (MAP), or the Religious Art Museum.
Nightlife and Gastronomy near the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS: Nightlife is concentrated on the adjacent streets. We recommend finding a restaurant with a balcony to enjoy dinner with a panoramic view of the illuminated square.
Plan Your Trip to the CUSCO PLAZA DE ARMAS (Accommodation and Tips Logistics)
Where to Stay Near the Plaza de Armas
Luxury: There are boutique hotels in restored colonial mansions just a few meters from the square.
Mid-Range and Budget: Hostels and moderately priced hotels abound on the adjacent streets, such as Calle Plateros or Calle Triunfo.
Essential Tips for Travelers
Altitude Acclimatization: Take it easy for the first 24 hours. Cusco’s altitude (over $3,300 \text{ meters}$) can affect some visitors.
Safety: The square is very safe, but always be mindful of your belongings, especially during peak hours.
Best Times for Photography: The square is spectacular at sunset when the golden light illuminates the stone, and at night, with the building lighting.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Plaza de Armas
- What was the Inca name for the Plaza de Armas?
It was divided into two sections: the Huacaypata and the Kusipata. The Huacaypata was the main sector for ceremonies.
- How much is the entrance fee to the Cusco Cathedral?
The entrance is a separate ticket from the Cusco Tourist Ticket (Boleto Turístico). Prices vary, so it is advisable to check at the ticket office upon your visit.
- Is it safe to walk around the Plaza de Armas at night?
Yes, it is completely safe. The square is well-lit and heavily frequented by tourists and locals until late at night.
- What is the Altitude of Cusco Plaza de Armas?
The Altitude of Cusco Plaza de Armas is approximately 3,399 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level. Travelers should plan for proper acclimatization upon arrival in Cusco.
